Watch the leading edge of the foresail and jib. If it starts to reel, you have two choices: tighten the sheet until the sail stops reeling or turn away from the wind (drogue). If the sail is driven, it means that you are going too long downwind with your sail setup. If you are slowly dropping off (downwind), the sails will stop gybing.
Watch the wind indicator (meter). If you notice it changing, so that the wind is now more behind you, you are wasting energy. Release the sails until they are perpendicular to the wind. You will be constantly watching your sails, meter, and sail selection because the wind will not blow in the same direction for long periods of time.
When the wind is blowing behind and to the side (quarter stern), this is called “buckstaff” or “full bajanderwind”. This is the most effective position because both sails are full of wind and pushing the boat at full force.
When the wind is behind you, you “run downwind.” This is not as effective as a tack, as the foresail closes the jib and keeps it full of wind.
When running downwind, you can pull the jib to the other side where it fills with wind. This is called “setting the sails butterfly,” and you will need to hold the rudder tighter to support this configuration. Some boats have a martin geek that attaches to the front of the mast and to the jib git, which makes the front sail easier to steer and support the full wind. Be aware of obstacles and other ships, as both raised sails block much of your view.
If you have a wind indicator on the top of your boat’s mast, do NOT point the bow so that the indicator is pointing to the foresail. If you do, you are going with the boom on the leeward side (going into the wind) and are in great danger of accidentally flipping over. If that happens, the boom can hit you with enough force to knock you out and knock you off the boat (overboard).
A good practice would be to rig up a tack-tack (a lifeline from the boom to the bulwark or any other duck) to limit the boom’s stroke in case of an overthrow.
Full Bainwind. Turn the boat slightly downwind to go about 60-75 degrees to the wind. You’ll have to get the sheeting tighter so that the sails are closer to the leeway. This is called a full bainwind. The sails will act like the turbine of the plane: the wind will be pulling the boat instead of pushing it.
Steep deadrise. Keep turning downwind and tightening the sheet until you can go no further (the jib should never touch the mastheads). On a windy day, you’ll know all the fun with this sail setup.
Go with the wind on the course. Go on a course that is as close to the wind as possible, in a steep gybe. On many boats this will be about 45 degrees.
Going as far as possible with a tack like this, turn the boat through the wind (or change direction with a tack) by pulling the jib scot out of the duck or pulling it out of the gate while the bow of the boat turns through the wind.
The Fok and Geek will stand up across the deck. The fock will set on its own on the other side, but you will have to quickly thread the jib into the duck or gate on the other side, turning the boat until the fock is full again.
If you perform this action correctly, the boat will not slow down much and you will go downwind in the other direction. If you tighten the jib too slowly and the boat will sink, don’t panic. The boat will bob up and down for a while until it picks up speed.
Another scenario is that your boat fails to turn fast through the wind and comes to a complete stop. This is called “hanging in the livery,” which is embarrassing, but every sailor has encountered it, and whether he admits it or not is another story. Hovering in the livery is an easy “cure”: when the boat starts moving backwards, you will regain control.
Point the tiller in the direction you want to go and pull the jib sheet into the wind (“blowing the sail”). The wind will push the bow through the airflow. As soon as you complete the tack, release the sheet from the gate on the windward side, move the sheet to the leeward side and you are on your way again.
In training, take it easy on everything. Understand that it’s better to practice on calm days and so, for example, learn to reef the boat (make the sails smaller). You will need to do this when the wind is too strong and you will be blown away.
You should always reef before you think about reefing!
It is also a good idea to practice these procedures on a calm day as well. Knowing how to reef a vessel is a necessary skill.
Exercise caution. Remember that your anchor and its chain/leveller (“shaft”) are important pieces of safety equipment and can be used to stop the boat from reeling or even putting it back on the water if you run aground.